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Our friend Nichol was visiting and in the background I was playing the first Seo Taiji and Boys album and Nichol stopped midsentence and asked, "Who are you playing?" Hearing the ricochet electro beats, she said, "This is freestyle!" The mournful vocals entered as if to confirm this, and she added, "This sounds like the barrio."

Seo Taiji and Boys "이밤이 깊어 가지만" translated variously as "Deep Into The Night" and "Through Tonight Growing Late," 1992


Seo Taiji and Boys "난 알아요" "Nan Arayo" ("I Know"), 1992


So, someone who isn't me, without prodding, hears the freestyle connection too! You know, I keep pointing this out, how much K-pop draws on freestyle, and I wonder why more isn't made of it. "Nan Arayo," the second of the tracks I embedded, is often credited (on Wikip, anyway) as the song that created K-pop. Obviously, freestyle isn't the song's only source: there's hip-hop, new jack swing, metal. Then again, in the music press of the '80s, the northeast version of freestyle (New York, New Jersey, Philadelphia) was called "Latin hip-hop" at least as much as it was called "freestyle," as being to Hispanic culture what hip-hop was to black.* The freestyle beats themselves were frequently an elaboration on the electro hip-hop that Arthur Baker and John Robie created for DJ Afrika Bambaataa's "Planet Rock." What's interesting is that, while in early '90s America freestyle was basically knocked off the radio and out of popular music by new jack swing and hip-hop and r&b, in Korea freestyle mixed together with new jack swing and hip-hop and r&b to form K-pop, and, while never separating out as a substyle, it's in K-pop songs to this day.**

Anyway, to be precise, Seo Taiji's melody starting at 1:13 of "Nan Arayo," and especially at 1:29 is total freestyle, and the backup there has the sort of flourishes that Elvin Molina and Mickey Garcia could have put on a Judy Torres record in 1987, and dreamy plinks that Tony Butler might have put on a Debbie Deb track in 1983. (You can hear them best at 1:56 of the album version.)

Loosely precise )
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Question that applies to the past and the present: were there/are there many disco boybands and disco girl groups? Except I'm meaning "boyband" and "girl group" a bit more narrowly than I normally would: I'm thinking of the music dating back to the gospel quartets that went secular and was taken over by teens and doo-wop and then the late '50s/early '60s girl groups and permutated through the Impressions and Motown into the Jackson 5 and New Edition and then into New Jack Swing. I have huge gaps in my knowledge, but my sense is that this type of group vocal singing (as opposed to other types of group vocal singing?) made it into funk and '80s black pop much more than into disco and freestyle and house. Obviously there are vocal groups there, too, many I wish I knew better; but not ones that I'd put into a line that goes from doo-wop to Bell Biv DeVoe and the Backstreet Boys and ilk.

Or am I all wrong? Did that sort of boyband or girl group appear much in disco? I kinda feel the Bee Gees might belong here, though despite hitting huge, they seem a bit apart from everyone else, not quite in any line of development (but notice Infinite sounding like the Bee Gees below). I probably ought to count Trammps and Tavares too.

As for the present, K-pop draws hugely on the Jacksons and New Jack Swing while keeping disco and freestyle in its living language. I'm thinking especially of the work of writing/producing duo SweeTune (Han Jaeho, Kim Seungsoo), for instance with boyband Infinite and girl group Nine Muses.

"Paradise"


Nine Muses Figaro and Infinite Be Mine )
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Nine Muses' "Wild" doesn't quite make it as a rousing jumper à la Kara's "Jumping" and Nine Muses' own "Figaro," though it's got the pounding disco beats and producer duo SweeTune's usual menagerie of electrosquawks and buzzes. Reasonably good melody. Ache and passion. What gets it across, actually, are the raps, from two very different voices: Euarin* is punchy, direct, and powerful, Eunji more a frantic street squall, a young woman tossing syllables every which way as if waving her arms to keep her balance. I intend to search the back catalog with an ear for her.



The video has generated a surprising 1,200 comments at allkpop, mostly favorable. I'm wondering if this means Nine Muses have finally gotten a flat-out hit single. Seems not. "Wild" enters the Gaon chart today at only 32; and even though it had only half a week to garner sales, if you prorate the numbers for a full seven days the track is still no higher than the teens. Their agency, Star Empire Entertainment, has been persistent (two years ago the great "Figaro" peaked at a mere 66), is allowing for slow growth and middling results. I don't know the business models in K-pop, or the situation. I'm sure there's far more to it than the chart numbers. But my impression is that few performers get this long-running support. Fingers crossed for D-Unit, GLAM, and Evol.

*Euarin is one of the few K-pop performers with four syllables in her stage name: Seems to be pronounced "Ee-yoo-ay-reen."
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I must say that the South Korean Singles Chart is kinda sucking at the moment. Good songs by SHINee and Sistar will soon be winding up their runs, and Girl's Day's pleasingly perky "Expectation" could only manage one week in the Top Ten. Meanwhile, the music that's been exciting people here and on Rolling K-pop (Gaeko, GLAM, D-Unit, Ladies' Code, MYNAME) are down in the lower reaches, when they're there at all. That this week the chart is topped by over-precious talent-show indie and unremarkable balladry isn't the particular problem — this often happens. I'm disappointed by the idol ballads too (Davichi and Taeyeon), but that's not a giant surprise either. I only ever like a small percentage of ballads. I guess what I'm bummed about is that, after Rainbow came out with a dull non-SweeTune track and a boring concept, the SweeTune comeback track for Infinite is also something of a drag: murky and meh. SweeTune tend to pile sounds into their tracks, and this time the boys' voices couldn't lift the weight. Teen Top's holding on with an okay bit of cod-Latin, but they've been catchier too.

Not that I think the Korean popular genres are in trouble. That there's plenty of good stuff hitting small or flopping means that the wellspring is still gushing, even if the dice are landing wrong. And actually, onstage, with the excellent dancing and the thrilled fans, Infinite and Teen Top are coming through, K-pop as a never-ending stream of event upon event upon event. The spark's there, crisp movement, sharp with the kneebend, just needs better notes and the voices need to be used better:

Infinite "Man In Love"


Teen Top )

By the way, down in the OST ballad pit, Baek Ji Young is excellently overdramatic on "Acacia," and was even more excellently extreme three months ago giving way to hate.
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What's going on with Rainbow's "concept"? And how do "concepts" work in general in K-pop? Even though performers do sometimes change 'em like costumes, that doesn't necessarily mean those very performers aren't committed in some deeper way to what the concepts mean. Or at least it doesn't mean that they're not committed in the audience's eyes, or that we don't hold them accountable on the basis of our (or someone's) sense of what they're doing with the concepts and who they appear to be behind the concepts.

I find Rainbow's switch from "the sexy dominatrix image"* of "A," "Mach," and "To Me" to the new one on "Tell Me Tell Me," whatever it is (cheery and serene and bright but at a half-knowing half distance?), jarring:

"A":


"Mach":


"Tell Me Tell Me":


Music seems to be included in the concept of "concept." As it should be. Except the music on "Tell Me Tell Me" is meh compared to what Rainbow were doing a couple of years ago in "A" etc.

I don't believe that in Korea or America there's a split between authenticity and artifice; the two concepts aren't opposites )
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Here's a slight rewrite of my Pazz & Jop comments. I'd whipped the comments out in three hours right at deadline, and I liked the result: power and emotion maybe because of the rush. But owing to the speed, some ambiguities were left in, and some useful details were left out. So I've tweaked the sentences a little, and expanded a few.

Budokan )
People decided to imagine where the rage comes from )

A young woman, a member of a K-pop group, writes a tweet that goes, "The differences in levels of determination ^ ^. Let us all have determination." And several members of the same group take to twitter to concur, or re-tweet, with Jiyeon's concurrence maybe taking on an edge, the phrase, "I applaud you, acting genius," seeming like sarcasm. Hwayoung, the group member whom these tweets are apparently directed at, tweets back, "Sometimes determination alone is not enough." And from here the Internet takes over, seeing this as a set of girls ganging up on another girl. And videos that were obviously faked or even more obviously taken out of context begin to appear, to support this narrative, of a gang of girls bullying another girl: At the K-pop track-and-field events Hwayoung's umbrella is blowing apart in the rain and none of the other girls are helping her. Next image, they're force-feeding her while on a Japanese game show, jamming a rice cake into her mouth. (Amazing that that's taken as bullying; I mean, it's a game show, it's done for laughs, it was broadcast on TV, when it aired thousands saw without seeing any bullying; a few minutes earlier in the very same episode, Jiyeon, supposedly Hwayoung's main antagonist, also had a rice cake shoved into her mouth. Of course, the antis who distributed this as evidence of bullying edited that part out.) And we've got a photo where Hwayoung was on one escalator and the other girls were on another, definitive proof that she was ostracized, shunned.

So, there's a story basically creating itself out of air, but a story that's already in so many people, waiting for an excuse to take to the air.

Make the other members suffer as well )

Singles )

Albums )

--Frank Kogan, December 28, 2012; minor revisions in comments January 23, 2013.
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While searching "Oscar song meanings," I incidentally found this thread where non-Koreans talk about how they discovered K-pop and why they love it.

"I'm just wondering...... I see many people who aren't Korean listening to Kpop.

"How did you find out and learn about kpop?
"Why do you love it?
"What is your ethnicity/nationality?
"What are your favorite groups and why? What are your favorite songs and why?"
"Do you prefer boy groups over girl groups or both?"

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120412182534AAbtXrF

I don't think nationality matters at all because puppies of all countries listen to kpop. A norwegian puppy or a belizean puppy - they all love it! I'm central european, now living in Phnom Penh where local khmer kids dance to kpop in parks. Few nights ago they were swaying their hips to Abracadabra :D
Three people like that the groups don't have to sing about sex, money, and drugs.

Favorite meta, best food reference, most emblematic authenticity argument )
Anyone reading this can answer in the comments, if you'd like, even if you are Korean. How does one define "Non-Korean" anyway? I'd say that I'm non-Ukrainian, non-Belarussian, non-Russian, non-Polish, non-Austrian, nonshtetl, non-European, non-Yiddish, etc., though I could claim all those ethnicities (or whatever) under certain circumstances. By the way, the first-released (though unauthorized) version of "Tell Me Your Wish (Genie)" was not by SNSD but by an Uzbek. Not that Uzbekistan is anywhere near the Ukraine. But it's closer to the Ukraine than to Korea.

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Over on Tumblr, Trevor posted nice things about me, which I therefore urge you to read. Appropriately enough, the passage of mine he cites as "perfect" is one that I myself find very problematic. Maybe "perfect" can mean, "desperately needs a lot of elaboration" — which is certainly more stimulating than "wraps it up so that we don't have to say anything more on the matter."

In that paragraph, I claim that the rock 'n' soul singers on the U.S. version of The Voice are looking backwards rather than into adventure, whereas the quirk girls who've heard Adele and who draw on the last two decades of quasi-eccentric singer-songwriters are hearing a world of permutation and possibility. And I perceive similarly open ears in the South Korean take on almost any music.

Now, I wouldn't say such things if I didn't believe them, but if confronted by a skeptic I'd have a lot of trouble even explaining what I mean much less supporting it. For instance, why does the re-working of disco and freestyle by Korean producers like Shinsadong Tiger and SweeTune go into my category adventure, whereas the 57 or so varieties of mewlers, bawlers, gruff baritones, AC smoothies, etc. that I'm calling "soul" all get consigned to the retro bin? Why can't the fact of so many varieties be evidence of permutation and possibility in soul, too? South Korea feels fresh to me while the American soul bores feel barely reheated, but this feeling hardly explains anything, and I lean heavily on the explanatory power of the actually quite opaque word "adventure."



Further responses owed to Askbask and Arbitrary_greay )
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Kim Wan Sun, from 1987. It's not quite freestyle, but it's pretty close (closer than Madonna ever got, for instance). And it's pretty great. The same piercing passion.



"리듬속의 그 춤을" is translated most often as "The Dance In The Rhythm." Google Translate gives us "In Rhythm With The Dance," which I like more, whether or not it's accurate.

If YouTube commenters are right, the track was written and produced by Shin Joong Hyun, who also provides the guitar solo; this is interesting in itself, since from last year's compilation I gather he was more a psychedelic and metal guy than a dance guy. Think of Jimmy Page producing the Cover Girls. [EDIT: The guitar solo on "The Dance In The Rhythm" is not by Shin Joong Hyun but by his son, Shin Daechul, of the band Sinawe. Did I just assume the solo was by producer Shin Joong Hyun, without checking, or did one of the YouTube commenters assume it, and I copied the assumption? (The original embed was killed by YouTube, the embed above is a replacement, so the YT comment thread I was reading is gone.]

Don't know where this music would have found itself in the sounds of South Korea circa 1987, since I barely know what those sounds were. If Wikipedia is right, K-pop didn't coalesce as a genre until the early '90s. But if "Roly-Poly" is right, South Korea was glomming off American disco and club sounds since the '70s. Could Shinsadong Tiger and SweeTune been listening to this song as tykes? (Tiger'd have been four when it came out.)

h/t G'old Korea Vinyl, who stream this and many other vintage tracks, and where I will be spending many hours.
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Kara's "Step," Brown Eyed Girls' "Sixth Sense," and Jay Park's "Demon" were all reviewed recently on the Jukebox (here, here, and here). The big "Step" issue for Jukeboxers was how crowded the sound was, some liking it, some not. I'm definitely in the liking-it category, think producers SweeTune make it feel effortless, a full-throttle but easy flow. My only reservation is that the tune isn't up there with SweeTune's best. I don't have much to say about "Demon": a functional Teddy Riley track, an OK melody, needs a snap that it once could have gotten from a Bobby Brown or a Ralph Tresvant, not to mention a Michael Jackson, but isn't getting from Jay Park.

Got home too late to do a Jukebox writeup on "Sixth Sense," but the Jukebox crew did great without me. The song is ambitious and baffling and the reviewers didn't pretend that they had a bead on it. Still don't know what I think of the music. Jer's pan and Iain-Anthony-Doug's praise all make equally good sense. There are so many shifts that the groove doesn't take hold, and no melody soars. But I'm stirred by the massiveness and experimentation. If I give it a chance, maybe it will take hold.

Am just as ambivalent about the video: provocative images thrown in our face, an attempt to connect democracy and sexual liberation, seems facile but that doesn't make the images less arresting. The three oldest Brown Eyed Girls were already in elementary school before South Korea had its first genuinely free election. So riot shields and cults of personality and the state closing in wouldn't pertain only to some countries to the north and to the east.

The teaser single "Hot Shot" that came out a week before this is just as ambitious and swings better for me, big-band Latin ramping into soundtrack funk and the Brown Eyed Girls doing the girls-will-be-boys thing on TV.

Was disappointed that the "Sixth Sense" video contains no murders, suicides, or murder-suicides. Along those lines - along any lines - Brown Eyed Girls' "Abracadabra" and BEG Ga-In's "Irreversible" are two of the best music videos I've seen in the last several years. Mysterious but decipherable plots that netizens spend months on YouTube figuring out. [Click CC if you're not getting English subtitles for "Irreversible."] Also, great accordion. Last February I tried not very successfully to start a conversation about "Abracadabra." I'll make the effort for "Irreversible" sometime in the future (tried once on [livejournal.com profile] poptimists, but of course that failed too, an experiment the purpose of which was to confirm that Mat and I are alone in the world).
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 photo fat cat edited 2.png


Fat Cat and CL wiggle their way into the Top 10, producers/writers SweeTune give us Nine Muses' "Figaro" and Infinite's "Be Mine," and somewhere on here there's something new I added that isn't Korean, maybe down around 60:

Singles through September 30:

1. Britney Spears "Hold It Against Me"
2. Jeremih ft. 40 Cent "Down On Me"
3. GD&TOP "High High"
4. 2NE1 "I Am The Best"



5. Galaxy Dream ft. Turbotronic "Ready 4or Romance"
6. IU "The Story Only I Didn't Know"
7. Bobby Brackins ft. Dev "A1"
8. Big Bang "Tonight"
9. SNSD "Bad Girl"
10. Fat Cat "My Love Bitch" [EDIT: the most common translation of "내사랑 싸가지" turns out to be "My Love Bad Boy," so that's what I'm now reluctantly going with]


(But the camera person was too reticent, so you'll need to go here [EDIT: where it's called "Indifferent Love]," for a better view of Fat Cat ticking her tush like a clock.)

11 through 73 )

technical note )

2NE1 Uncertainty Principle )
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Over on the Singles Jukebox, Dal★Shabet's "Bling Bling" scores high on the controversy index and not bad in the overall ratings. I marked it on the low end, and I might have been overpraising it at 6. Thing feels barren to me, even with hooks heaped high.



A better Dal★Shabet track is "매력덩어리" (title translates as "Very Charming" or "Charming Bomb" or "Hottie"); better E-Tribe–produced tracks than either of those are Lee Hyori's "U Go Girl," T-ara's "Ya Ya Ya," and of course SNSD's "Gee." And this summer's best neodisco track is T-ara's "Roly-Poly."

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Frank Kogan

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